In the face of escalating climate vulnerabilities, Bangladesh emerges as one of the world's most climate-exposed nations. However, amid the challenges, the nation is taking incremental yet impactful strides to support those affected, emphasizing resilient homes and sustainable job opportunities as key pillars of change.
For 55-year-old Noor Alam, the haunting memories of the 1991 tropical cyclone that claimed 20 family members persist with each gust of wind. Forced to migrate from Kutubdia Island to Banshkhali due to recurring cyclones, Alam and his wife Rahima Begum faced ongoing challenges. Their thatched bamboo and plastic sheet cottage, situated along the Banshkhali Beribundh, succumbed six times to cyclones between 1998 and 2020, pushing them into a cycle of borrowing and rebuilding.
The couple's story mirrors the struggles of many Bangladeshis grappling with the aftermath of natural disasters, exposing them to displacement, sanitation woes, and water scarcity. However, a glimmer of hope emerged in 2021 when a regional non-profit, Young Power in Social Action (YPSA), intervened. Alam's family transitioned to a semi-pucca dwelling – a climate-resilient structure with brick walls and a tin roof, offering enhanced protection against extreme weather conditions.
"Frequent natural disasters such as cyclones, floods, and storm surges, as well as drought, river bank erosion, and deadly heatwaves have made Bangladesh one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change," notes the article. The government anticipates that by 2050, climate-induced displacement will impact one in seven Bangladeshis, translating to a staggering 13.3 million people. The coastal region, spanning 441 miles, has witnessed significant upheaval, with 2,000 individuals relocating to Dhaka daily.
In this complex scenario, the narrative shifts to resilience and proactive measures. Bangladesh's pursuit of climate-resilient housing, facilitated by organizations like YPSA, reflects a commitment to mitigating the impact of climate change on vulnerable communities. As the nation grapples with the multifaceted challenges of climate-induced displacement, these small yet significant steps play a pivotal role in safeguarding lives and fostering sustainability.
In a pivotal move at Cop28, nations collectively committed to establishing a long-awaited fund designed to address the profound loss and damage caused by climate-driven catastrophes such as storms, floods, and droughts. This historic decision responds to the persistent calls from climate-vulnerable countries, advocating for over three decades to secure financial aid crucial for their survival in the aftermath of extreme weather events.
For years, the establishment of such a fund faced resistance from wealthy nations wary of potential liability for the environmental impact of decades of pollution. However, the urgency of the climate crisis has propelled countries, including those most affected, to prioritize tangible solutions. At the forefront of this push is Bangladesh, a nation acutely vulnerable to climate change, which has intensified efforts to tackle its climate refugee crisis.
Initiatives have emerged to assist families like Noor Alam's in constructing stable homes in safer areas. Young Power in Social Action (YPSA), backed by the Climate Justice Resilience Fund (CJRF), has become a beacon of change. Thanks to a $250,000 (£198,000) grant from the Scottish government, channeled through CJRF, YPSA has undertaken projects providing new homes and alternative livelihood sources for eight vulnerable families forced to abandon their residences due to severe erosion along the Chittagong coast.
Scotland's groundbreaking commitment during Cop26 marked the first instance of a country allocating specific funding for loss and damage, pledging £2 million ($2.5 million) to support communities on the climate crisis's frontlines. In 2021, YPSA successfully relocated Alam's family to a two-room storm-resistant house in Khudukkhali, a village situated east of the Chittagong coast. These resilient homes, constructed with precision, feature a green tin roof anchored to robust concrete walls, equipped with steel windows and doors designed to withstand powerful gusts.
YPSA's forward-thinking approach includes elevated land construction, factoring in flood levels, and utilizing durable materials capable of withstanding 137mph (220 km/h) winds with minimal maintenance requirements over the next half-century. The shift towards proactive measures and international cooperation showcases a growing commitment to addressing the profound challenges posed by climate change, offering a glimmer of hope for vulnerable communities facing the brunt of its impact.
In the realm of climate resilience, Young Power in Social Action (YPSA) stands as a beacon, reshaping the narrative for vulnerable communities grappling with the aftermath of extreme weather events. As the organization actively rehouses families displaced by climate disasters, the innovative approach comes with its own set of challenges and opportunities.
Each YPSA house, a testament to climate resilience, incurs a cost of 670,000 Bangladesh taka (BDT) or $7,706 (£6,103) in 2021. Interestingly, this figure nearly doubles the cost of a comparable house under the government-led Ashrayan project, launched in 1997 to provide homes to coastal residents displaced by tornadoes. The disparity arises from the fact that Ashrayan houses are constructed on government-owned land, eliminating the need for additional funds dedicated to land purchases.
Despite the financial challenges, YPSA's vision extends beyond the immediate horizon. Plans are underway to rehouse eight more families by April 2024, leveraging the funding support from the Scottish government. However, this represents only a fraction of the vast challenge, with hundreds of thousands of Bangladeshis displaced due to climate disasters.
In tandem with housing initiatives, YPSA is addressing the broader impact of climate-induced displacement, venturing into creating new job opportunities. A 2019 survey of 15,000 individuals living in temporary structures along the southeastern coastal belt revealed that 50% of displaced households had to alter their occupations due to cyclones and coastal erosion.
In a bid to economically empower those affected, YPSA is assisting 40 displaced women by providing goats, sewing machines, and tailoring training. Jannatul Ferdous, a beneficiary of these initiatives, symbolizes the transformative impact. Widowed after her husband's demise following Cyclone Mahasen in 2013, Ferdous turned to housekeeping for a meager income. Cyclone Sitrang in 2022 and Cyclone Hamoon in 2023 further tested her resilience, highlighting the precarious nature of her living conditions.
As YPSA endeavors to create resilient homes and sustainable livelihoods, it encapsulates the multifaceted challenges and triumphs in the ongoing battle against climate-induced displacement, proving that innovative solutions are vital for communities on the frontlines of the climate crisis.
In the intricate tapestry of climate resilience, Young Power in Social Action (YPSA) weaves a narrative of empowerment and transformation for vulnerable communities. As families grapple with the aftermath of climate-driven disasters, YPSA's innovative interventions emerge as a lifeline, reaching beyond shelter to address the broader challenges faced by those on the frontlines of the climate crisis.
Jannatul Ferdous, cradling two male goats on her lap, articulates the newfound confidence instilled by YPSA's livestock training program. Her aspirations extend beyond the present, envisioning a day when her goat farm flourishes, enabling her to repair her home. The program not only empowers individuals like Ferdous but underscores the potential for sustainable livelihoods within vulnerable communities.
Umme Sultana, a 16-year-old from the shrinking island of Kutubdia, opted for a tailoring course through YPSA's project. In the aftermath of Cyclone Mocha damaging her family's cottage, financial constraints impeded repairs. However, Sultana's participation in the program transformed her circumstances. By handcrafting clothes, she now contributes to her family's income, affording education and nurturing dreams of becoming a nurse.
Farah Kabir, a board member of South Asia's Climate Action Network and the country director for ActionAid Bangladesh, emphasizes the pivotal role of YPSA's interventions. Providing immediate support for vulnerable communities to recover from climate-induced damage, these initiatives extend beyond adaptation and mitigation, addressing the multifaceted losses endured by communities.
Kabir advocates for a nuanced approach to climate funding, emphasizing the necessity of earmarking funds specifically for loss and damage. The impact on communities extends beyond the physical, encompassing the loss of homes, livelihoods, childhoods, and health. To rebuild lives shattered by climate-induced adversities, immediate and targeted support becomes imperative.
YPSA's multifaceted programs exemplify a holistic response to climate-induced challenges, offering not just shelter but also avenues for empowerment, education, and sustainable livelihoods. In navigating the complexities of the climate crisis, YPSA becomes a catalyst for hope, illustrating the transformative power of community-focused initiatives.
As vulnerable countries, particularly small island nations facing rising sea levels and sub-Saharan African nations grappling with severe drought, advocate for climate justice, the global imperative to address loss and damage comes to the forefront. Julie-Anne Richards, the strategy lead at the Loss & Damage Collaboration, underscores the inequity of frontline nations bearing the brunt of the climate crisis without commensurate support. The urgent call is to address loss and damage on a global scale, emphasizing the necessity of shared responsibility.
However, despite the urgency of the situation, the challenges persist, especially in countries like Bangladesh where displaced communities are striving to rebuild their lives and livelihoods. Shahjahan, speaking on behalf of YPSA, highlights the formidable hurdle of securing undisputed land for displaced families. Land scarcity, coupled with failed land purchase attempts, stands as a major impediment to timely housing initiatives. The overwhelming demand for aid outstrips available funding, exacerbating the complexities of the situation.
Shahjahan sheds light on the selection process, emphasizing the difficulty of choosing recipients from a vast pool of displaced populations. Political pressures from elected representatives further compound the challenge, as they advocate for favored families. The intricate dynamics of local politics add an additional layer of complexity to the already intricate task of providing aid and rebuilding lives.
YPSA, currently in the third phase of its loss and damage project with Scottish government funding, is constructing eight houses in Kutubdia and Shadhanpur. Each house includes essential amenities such as individual toilets and a shared tube well for drinking water. Despite land acquisition, the delayed monsoon poses a hindrance to construction, illustrating the local impact of climate patterns on resilience efforts.
Additionally, finding experienced local non-profits to effectively implement Scotland's loss and damage funds on the ground remains a challenge. This underscores the need for collaborative efforts that bridge global intentions with local expertise, recognizing that the success of climate resilience initiatives hinges on navigating both global urgency and on-the-ground realities.
As the third phase of YPSA's loss and damage project approaches its culmination in April 2024, the organization remains committed to the long-term well-being of displaced families. In a strategic move, YPSA is facilitating the transition of families to areas with existing government-funded safety-net programs, fostering continuity and mitigating feelings of isolation.
Shahjahan, representing YPSA, emphasizes the importance of linking families to established safety-net initiatives, ensuring a seamless integration into broader support systems. The end goal is to create a sense of community and social cohesion, empowering families to navigate the challenges that lie beyond the immediate scope of the project.
For Alam's family, the impact is palpable. Owning a disaster-resilient house in an area characterized by robust social bonds, the family experiences a newfound sense of security. The proximity of schools and cyclone shelter centers further enhances their resilience. Yet, the specter of disaster looms, as Cyclone Hamoon, while unable to breach their defenses, left a trail of destruction in its wake, damaging the kitchen room and poultry shed.
Alam acknowledges the transformative effect of the rehabilitation project on their housing situation, instilling a sense of safety. However, he candidly recognizes the ongoing vulnerability of homesteads and animals to disasters. In envisioning the expansion of his poultry farm, Alam contemplates the need to relocate animals to the cyclone shelter center, a pragmatic approach to safeguarding against potential threats.
As YPSA's project concludes, the enduring impact on communities extends beyond physical shelter. It underscores the imperative of comprehensive resilience strategies that encompass social, economic, and environmental dimensions. The organization's commitment to seamless transitions and ongoing support exemplifies a holistic approach to climate resilience, affirming that the journey extends far beyond the confines of immediate interventions.
As the third phase of YPSA's loss and damage project draws to a close in April 2024, the impact on displaced families reverberates beyond the tangible structures of disaster-resilient houses. YPSA's commitment to linking families with existing government-funded safety-net programs signifies a strategic shift towards long-term community integration. This approach aims to cultivate social cohesion and mitigate isolation, recognizing the interconnectedness of resilience beyond the project's immediate scope.
For families like Alam's, the tangible benefits of disaster-resilient housing are evident, fostering a newfound sense of security. However, the persistent threat of disasters, as witnessed in the aftermath of Cyclone Hamoon, underscores the ongoing challenges faced by vulnerable communities. The willingness to adapt, such as Alam's contemplation of relocating animals to a cyclone shelter center, exemplifies the pragmatic resilience required in the face of unpredictable climate patterns.
The conclusion of the project marks not an endpoint but a transition—a handing over of the baton to existing programs and a testament to the enduring impact on communities. YPSA's holistic approach, encompassing social, economic, and environmental dimensions, reaffirms that true climate resilience extends beyond the physical shelter. As families navigate the uncertainties ahead, the story of YPSA's project becomes a testament to sustaining hope amid challenges, illustrating the transformative power of community-focused initiatives in the ever-evolving landscape of climate resilience.